Welfare To Work Programmes

Welfare To Work Programmes Welfare to work programmes have been used by governments since the 1980s to articulate a desire to replace passive support for unemployment and active measures to help encourage people to get into paid work. The Labour government reiterated this principle, but took a number of new approaches building up to an ambitious programme for welfare reform for people of working age. This essay will study the origins and rationale of New Labours welfare to work programme. It will also examine the impact it has had on people and unemployment since the programme has been introduced. While there is evidence that welfare to work programmes has been around before 1997 (when Labour came into power), their results were patchy and they had not been continuous. When the Conservatives were in power, their policies were criticised because it was more concerned with minimising fraud than maximising work, and it encouraged dependency and trapped people in unemployment. By 1995, Gordon Brown, the then Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, argued that government could not simply create jobs, but â€Å"its role was to promote macroeconomic stability and provide economic and employment opportunities for all† (Field White, 2007). He then proposed that the future government should launch New Deal for under 25s. Subsequently, 1996 the unemployed in Britain were redefined as â€Å"jobseekers† by the 1996 Jobseekers Act (HMSO, 1994). To qualify for the new jobseekers allowance (JSA) required that unemployed individuals to enter an agreement indicating the steps they intended to take to look for a work and the minimum wages they would accept. Jobseekers were given guidance in looking for jobs in a particular way, to take other steps to improve their employability or participate in training schemes. Under the JSA agreement, claimants have to commit to active job seeking behaviour, and they had to sign a declaration to which they understood that their benefit eligibility would be affected if they do not do enough to find work, are deemed unavailable for work or act in any way to reduce their chances of getting work. Failure to comply with the jobseekers agreement will ultimately result in benefit sanctions. It was believed that most unemployed looked for jobs but the JSA system was designe d to intensify activity and put pressure on those who were genuinely not looking for work. However, following the introduction of JSA there was increased job search activity with the newly unemployed but it was less effective with the long term unemployed. New Labours welfare to work programme is based on a typically American â€Å"workfare† approach. Workfare refers to the requirement that people who are judged able to work and available to work must seek and accept work in the regular labour market. The reforms have which have taken place have originated and been influenced by US-styled workfare. However, this move towards a US-styled welfare is not a new trend, the British policy makers have been influenced by US welfare systems in the past when the Conservatives were in power. Governments have always been cautious and resistant about being referred to as a US-styled workfare, opposed by both the right and left for different reasons: â€Å"the right disliked the expense involved setting up training schemes and the left sees any element of compulsion as anathema† (Daguerre, 2004). Nevertheless, just before Conservatives lost office, they moved more towards workfare through a proposed large-scale extension of â€Å"Proj ect Work† (A programme requiring the long-term unemployed to work part time in community projects). The start of the programme Restart, The Stricter Benefit Regime and Employment Training programmes was also a step closer to a US-styled workfare (Peck, 2001). New Labours flagship was New Deal, it placed more emphasis on training than any previous policies, and it also promoted compulsion for target groups. The new welfare system under New Labour appears to have strong echoes and similarities to the US-styled workfare and this can be clearly seen from the Labour Partys policies which indicate strong emphasis on making work pay and not the other way round, in which dependency on benefits would pay for people. Moreover, the redesign of New Deal in 2001, Labours second term, was working more towards moving as many people of working age into the labour-market. This is influenced by American ideas in a few ways. Firstly, the government was promoting a â€Å"work first approach† and getting people to work and not rely on benefits. Secondly, the formation of the â€Å"Jobcentre Plus†, which is a single point of service to all benefit claimants. This is partially based on American Administration. Alistair Darling, the Chancellor of t he Exchequer quoted that the Jobcentre Plus is there to provide everyone with the help they need to find work, quickly as possible, and it is a work first approach (Daguerre, 2004). Thirdly, the greater compulsion is based on the American approach. This involves the introduction to work-focused interviews for benefit claimants, particularly for lone parents. In 1997, the future Prime Minister Tony Blair spoke about New Labours approach to welfare reform would focus on services, not just cash benefits, and would be designed to help people meet change in an increasingly insecure world. New Labour would increase the employability through education and skills and an active employment service. Labour came in to power in 1997 and one month after winning power, the Prime Minister Tony Blair confirmed that the greatest challenge to his â€Å"welfare to work† government was to refashion the institutions to bring new workless class back in to society (Finn, 2003). Shortly following this speech, in 1997, New Deal for 18-25 years old was introduced. It became something of a political mantra for New Labour, in which there would be â€Å"no fifth option† of a life on benefit; and those refusing to comply with the rules would be docked 40 percent of their benefit (Peck, 2001). New Deal represents the first real attempt to implement activa tion policies for the unemployed in Britain. Labours first term in government highlighted the performance of the economy and an increase in employment. At a time when there was a much needed change in the welfare state, New Labour came in to power and did just that. The Prime Minister Tony Blair promised employment opportunities for all and committed the government towards full employment over the next decade. When the Conservatives were in power, their policies made people dependent on benefits and trapped them into unemployment. New Labours welfare to work programme would put a stop to this and make work pay, and not make benefits pay. Labours reasons for a reform on welfare state is to bring the workless class back in to society. Blair made a speech saying; â€Å"Now at the close of the 20th century, the decline of old industries and the shift to an economy based on knowledge and skills has given rise to a new class: a workless class. A large minority is playing no role in the formal economy, dependent on benefits and the black economy Today the greatest challenge for any democratic government is to refashion our institutions to bring this new workless class back into society and into useful work, and to bring back the will to win.† (Tony Blair, speech at the Aylesbury Estate, June 1997) The rationale of New Labours welfare to work programme is set to help those that are disadvantaged into employment and reduce the reliance of benefits; the end result would be an increase in employment and reductions on people living off benefits. Blair insisted that there would be â€Å"no no-go areas for New Labour† and at the heart of all the policy changes, welfare reform was on the top of the list. Welfare to work is defined by New Labour both as political and as an economic project; it is concerned with rejoining the poor in to paid work, and help people get into real jobs to tackle poverty. The task of the Labour government was seen one of radical and work reinforcing reform, and the task for wel fare recipients would be to cooperate and respond enthusiastically to the new opportunities (Labour Party, 1997). The New Deal programme was introduced after two decades in which child poverty had doubled; the number of people on incapacity benefit had risen by 1.5 million; and more than 80,000 young people had been on unemployment benefit for more than a year (DWP, 2008). New Labour had promised to get 250,000 under 25 years-olds off benefits and into work. The welfare to work budget was funded by the way of a  £5.2 billion through a â€Å"windfall tax† on the profits of privatised utilities (Peck, 2001). The first priority was to tackle long-term youth unemployment. The New Deal for Young People (NDYP) was introduced to begin with; then New Deals for the long-term unemployed (New Deal 25 Plus); New Deal for Lone Parents (NDLP); New Deal for partners was introduced for the partners of the unemployed; New Deal 50 Plus; and New Deal for Disabled People (NDDP) was introduced, which was largely provided by voluntary and private sector. The objectives of the New Deals were to increase long- term employability and help young and long-term unemployed people, lone parents and disabled people into real jobs. NDYP is a mandatory programme for 18-25 year-olds who have been claiming jobseekers for six months. However, it is at the six month stage, benefit becomes conditional and claimants enter another stage of New Deal. New Deal has three stages; a gateway, an options and a follow through. Each of these stages aims to enhance the chances of people landing a job. The gateway period comes after six months of unemployment and lasts up to four months. At this stage, individuals are assigned to a personal advisor, who helps claimants find work and provides guidance. If after the four month gateway period participants fail to find work, they then enter the option stage. During this period each individual is required to take up the following four options: employer placement, voluntary-sector work, education or training, or a membership of an environmental task force (Field White, 2007). These stages on the New Deal programme are in place to aid people to gain knowledge, experience, skills, and t herefore better their chances of finding real jobs. The purpose of the New Deal programme is to improve employability, because in the end employment goes to the employable and in this increasing global competition, individuals need to be able to adapt to learning new skills. New Deal has promoted work for lone parents and disabled people, for whom job search is a condition of receiving benefit. Work-focussed interviews have become mandatory and it is an approach to which all working age individuals who are living on benefits consider the possibility of entering the labour market (JRF, 2004). Until recently in the UK lone parents were not obliged to register for work until their youngest child was 16. However, this has now changed and as proposed by the Green Paper, from October 2008 lone parents with older children will no longer be entitled to Income Support solely on the grounds of being a lone parent (DWP, 2007). Instead those who are able to work can claim Jobseekers Allowance and they will be required to look for work. From October 2010, lone parents with the youngest child aged 7 or over will no longer be able to receive benefits on the grounds of being a lone parent. Labours welfare to work programme has introduced major tax and benefit reforms which, in combination with new rights at work, including the national minimum wage, are targeted at making work pay. The development of tax credits has expanded and transformed support for people with low incomes. The family credit was replaced by Child Tax Credit for parents with low income and the Working Tax Credit was introduced for those on low earnings. Together with the minimum wage, it has given people the incentive to work. Tax Credits have been linked to a wider objective of reducing child poverty, and it lifted relative child poverty by half a million (Finn, 2003). The government believes work is the best route out of poverty, and by introducing Tax Credits, the government is improving incomes for all children with parents that are not in paid work or in low-paid jobs. Tax Credits have improved unemployment and poverty traps, by ensuring individuals are entitled to more from working than from be nefits. However, this policy has been criticised for increasing dependency on employment, extending means testing up the salary scale and the potential impact on work incentive and employer wage-behaviour. The New Deals have been subject to an intense evaluation programme. The impact of New Labours welfare to work programme has been significant in reducing unemployment, and figures illustrate that â€Å"the number of people claiming Jobseekers Allowance is at its lowest for over 30 years. The number of long-term claimants unemployed has fallen from more than half a million to 125,000; while for young people it has fallen from 85,000 to fewer than 7,000† (DWP, 2008). By the end of 2001, it was suggested that half a million people had found jobs through the various New Deals and 53 percent of NDYP leavers were entering jobs (Finn, 2003). The most dramatic impact was with those who were unemployed for over a year, where the number fell from 90,700 to 5,100, a falloff almost 95 percent (JRF, 2004). Various independent researches confirm that New Deal has been successful in helping people find work. Research by the institute of Fiscal Studies found NDYP increased the probability of f inding a job by 20 percent (IFS, 2001). Also the introduction of personal advisors (NDPAs) has had a positive effect on participants, and evidence consistently has recognised the individualised help given by the NDPA as the key element of success. Even though findings done by independent researches imply that NDYP has reduced long-term youth unemployment, some people say the reduction of unemployment has merely reflected the strength of the economy, as since 1997 the economy has produced an additional 2.9 million jobs (JRF, 2004). The impact of New Deal has not been as significant as it was predicted and set out to be. Figures prove that youth unemployment is higher than when Labour was elected in 1997, and rising. Since 2001, figures on youth unemployment have been increasing, and those who are on NDYP and unemployed under six months has grown. This is because little seems to happen in the first six months of unemployment, and JSAs conditionality is increasingly ineffective as New Dealers and staff simply wait for the programme to start, which is six months into unemployment. Figures illustrate that by 2007 there was an increase of 82,000 young adults unemployed since 1998 (Field White, 2007). Similarly, the number of jobless young people, unemployed between six to twelve months is increasing and it stands well above the level at the start of the New Deal in 1998. What is more shocking is the level of unemployment for those who have been out of work for over 12 months; it has also increased dramatically since 1998, and the same applies for those who have been unemployed for more than two years. Overall, the number of young people unemployed, whether it is short-term, or long-term, it is on the increase. Claimants who have completed their New Deal, and still have not found work, are required to re-enter the New Deal, and then they are known as â€Å"retreads† (Field White, 2007). The number of retreads has continued to grow with some claimants entering New Deal not only for the second time, but a third, fourth or even fifth time. New Deal has been unsuccessful in finding work, and people are left jobless and dependent on benefits. This shows a structural weakness of the Governments New Deal programme, and data suggests that New Deal seems incapable of adapting to the needs people who find it difficult to find work, i.e. the very group which is most reliant on the New Deal for this purpose. Given that the government believes that the New Deal programme is to be the most effective way to ensure that there is no fifth option of remaining on benefits, why is there a growing number of people going on to New Deal for a second, third, fourth or fifth time? The government is contradi cting itself here. Long-term statistics suggest that men increased employment in the first six months after qualifying for NDYP. However, this disappeared over the following twelve months (Wilkinson, 2003). Women, do not do as well as men, and they tend to go the whole way up to the follow up period, implying a lower level of increase in employment. In 2007 there were 1,043,000 young people not in education, employment or training (Neets), which is a rise of 131,000 since 1997. However, despite the rise in youth unemployment, the proportion of young people on the New Deal is falling. Lone parents have suffered a complex range of barriers to work, ranging from attitudes of employers, access to childcare, to difficulties with meeting housing costs and the complexity of the welfare system. Findings were complemented and confirmed by a study of non-working lone mothers, which found that the majority of them had a general desire to work but were constrained from doing so by slim financial gains or by lack of suitable or affordable childcare (JRF, 2004). Paying for childcare was a significant barrier to work for lone parents. With the new policies which are being introduced in October 2010 for lone parents, it is most likely to increase unemployment rates with this target group and create further barriers. The increasing rate of unemployment is questioning New Labours rational of New Deal and its attempt to reduce dependency on benefits. Currently, unemployment is rising and New Deal has been criticised and been labelled as a failure. New Deal relies heavily on assisted job search and as we can see it is far from recession proof. This is why Labour has a new development which is called, Flexible New Deal. This new programme came in to force in autumn 2009, and it replaces the New Deal 18-24 and 25+ and Employment Zones programmes (DWP, 2008). Flexible New Deal has set out to provide an opportunity for Prime Contractor organisations from the private, public and third sectors to work together in partnership to deliver this new programme across all Jobcentre Plus districts. There are five core principles of the Flexible New Deal: A stronger framework of rights and responsibilities to move benefit customers from being passive recipients to active jobseekers. A personalised and responsive approach to individual customer needs which will provide tailored employment and skills support to meet the needs of both customers and local employers. A partnership approach with public, private and third sector organisations working together to maximise innovation, leading to more and better outcomes. Devolving and empowering communities for future sustainable employment which will be at the heart of neighbourhood renewal. Not just jobs, but jobs that pay and offer opportunities for progression, with an emphasis on sustaining and progressing in work to ensure all customers who need help to develop their skills have access to the relevant pre-employment and in-work training. The goal of Flexible new Deal is to eradicate child poverty by 2020, but this is not going to be an easy task. We are yet to see how successful this new programme will be in ensuring we move towards full employment and opportunity for all. In conclusion, New Labours welfare to work programme has helped to overcome unemployment at a time when the labour market was expanding and on a boom. Employers are more likely to take on the unemployed, as they desperately need staff to fill the vacancies. New Deals have helped more than 1.8 million people get into work in the last ten years. However, figures demonstrate how the rate of unemployment, particularly with the 18-25 year olds, has risen and is continuing to do so. The very rationale of New Labours welfare to work is being contradicted, as the unemployed are not being given realistic employment opportunities, and people are still signing on for benefits, not for work. The New Deal programme is clearly not adapting to fit the needs of participants or the labour market, as people are entering New Deal not only for the second time, but a third, fourth or more occasions. New Deal should be implemented from day one of unemployment for young people, as the largest group are tho se who unemployed for up to six months, which is before the New Deal programme kicks in. More of the same will not work, and the government needs to change the way New Deal is programmed and fit it around the needs of individuals and help them back into the labour market. We will have to wait and see how the development of the Flexible New Deal helps to reduce unemployment, but if the current situation is anything to go by, the government has a lot to prove. Bibliography Books Daguerre, A. (2004) Importing Workfare: Policy Transfer of Social and Labour Market Policies from the USA to Britain under New Labour, Social Policy Administration. p41-50. DWP (2008) Transforming Britains Labour market: Ten years of the New Deal, Department for Work and Pensions, London. p2-10 Field, F. and White, P. (2007) Welfare isnt working The New Deal for Young People, Reform, UK. p7-23 Finn, D. (2003). Employment Policy. In N. Ellison C. Pierson (Eds.), Developments in British social policy 2 (pp. 111-128). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p111-128 Peck, J. (2001). Another New Deal: Workfare, United Kingdom style. Chapter 7 In J. Peck (Ed.), Workfare states (pp. 261-340). New York: Guilford Press. p261-315 Kay, J. (1998) Evolutionary Politics. Prospect July: 31-35 Wilkinson, D. (2003) New Deal For Young People: Evaluation Of Unemployment Flows, Policy Studies Institute, London. Internet Sources JRF-Joseph Rowntree Foundation. (2004) Labours welfare reform: Progress to date http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/labour%E2%80%99s-welfare-reform-progress-date (Date Accessed: 11/04/10) IFS- Institute for Fiscal Studies. (2001) Evaluating the employment impact of a mandatory job search assistance program. http://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/1734 (Date Accessed: 11/04/10)

Shakespeares As You Like It - The Many Flavors of Love Essay -- Shake

As You Like It:  Ã‚   The Many Flavors of Love  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As You Like It is remarkable among Shakespeare's plays for ending with four marriages, something of a record even among comedies. Love is a central theme of the play, although in some of its variations it cannot quite be said to be romantic! The love relationships may, at first glance, appear to be stock types: Rosalind and Orlando representing romantic hero-heroine love, Silvius and Phebe combining love in the lower classes with unrequited love, Audrey and Touchstone a darker attempt to seduce, and Celia and Oliver simple tying up of loose ends. However, Shakespeare makes the theme interesting not just through the sheer variety of relationships that he explores, but also through the unusual elements he brings to each.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Rosalind-Orlando relationship could be stock hero-heroine love, but for the interest Shakespeare adds by way of Rosalind's luminous character and the humor of Orlando encountering and being attracted to Rosalind in her guise as a "saucy lackey", Ganymede. The way in which they meet and fall in love is traditional -- Rosalind is won over by Orlando's manly labors and good looks at his wrestling match with Charles, and performs her feminine office of mercy by trying to dissuade him from what appears to be such a disastrous venture. It is true love at first sight, another traditional feature of such a romance. However, a new dimension is added by Rosalind's disguise as Ganymede and her suggestion that Orlando pretend to court her. Orlando's attraction to her in her boyish guise is unexpected and sends the audience into fits of laughter. His gradual progression from a brusque retort to Ganymede's cheeky question, "I pray you, what is't o'c loc... ...liver. The audience will also be greatly amused at the fact that although Celia has been teasing Rosalind ever since she fell in love with Orlando, she herself is not proof to sudden and irrational love. All in all, their marriage is necessary for the comic resolution of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The many love relationships in As You Like It are delightful in their romanticism and the humor that Shakespeare has dashed into each of them, enhancing the happy nature of the play. Various situations of love are explored -- true love at first sight, unrequited love, even a hint of homosexuality in Orlando's attraction to Ganymede and Phebe's falling for Ganymede, who is really a woman. Their contrasting variety causes them to complement one another in the play's theme of love and the foolish things it makes people do, making As You Like It both entertaining and romantic.

Computer Role in Entertainment & the Arts

Computer Role in Entertainment & the Arts How will my leisure activities be affected by information technology? Information technology is being used for all kinds of entertainment, ranging from video games to telegambling. It is also being used in the arts, from painting to photography. Let's consider just two examples, music and film. Computers, the internet, and the World Wide Web are standing the system of music recording and distribution on its head and in the process are changing the financial underpinnings of the music industry.Because of their high overhead, major record labels typically need a band to sell half a million CDs in order to be profitable, but independent bands, using online marketing, can be reasonably successful selling 20,000 or 30,000 albums. Team Love, a small music label established in 2003, found it could promote its first two bands, Tilly and the Wall and Willy Mason, by offering songs online free for (Dowloading—transferring data from a remote comp uter to one's own computer—so that people could listen to them before paying $12 for a CD.It also puts videos online for sharing and uses quirky websites to reach fans. â€Å"There's something exponential going on,† says one of Team Love's founders. â€Å"The more music that's downloaded, the more it sells. â€Å"‘† Many independent musicians are also using the internet to get their music heard, hoping that giving away songs will help them build audiences/*4 The web also offers sources for instantly downloadable sheet music. One research engineer has devised a computerized scoring system for judging musical competitions that overcomes the traditional human-jury approach, which can he swayed by personalities and. olyphonicHMI and a Spanish company, PolyphonicHMI, has created Hit Song Science software, which they say can analyze the hit potential of new songs by, according to one description, â€Å"reference to a finely parsed universe of attributes derive d from millions of past songs. † As for movies, now that blockbuster movies routinely meld live action, and animation, computer artists are in big demand. The 1999 film Star Wars: Episode /, for instance, had fully 1,965 digital shots out of about 2,200 shots.Even when film was used, it was scanned into computers to be tweaked with animated effects, lighting, and the like. Entire beings were created on computers by artists working on designs developed by producer George Lucas and his chief artist. computers as a source of entertainment as well as amusement Answer The sources of entertainment has evolved down the ages. But human beings search for entertainment and things that could amuse him or her has been existing since time immemorial. One of the latest form of entertainment for the present civilization is computers.With inbuilt and loaded computer games, availability of softwares which allow you to paint, listen to music, watch videos, movies and also allow you to create mu sic or videos or movies; computer has really become a major source of entertainment for the people who are computer savvy or at least computer literate. Other than this, the obvious source of entertainment on computers is the internet which not just connects you to the rest of the world but also allows you to find your amusement right at home.Chat rooms allow us to connect with like minded people and discuss with them about our favourite topics. Messengers also allow us to connect to your friends across the world and talk to them. Websites which carry news and other matters related to entertainment become a major source. Online games allow us to play with other people who have access to that game in a virtual world, while we are all seated in our own room in front of our PCs. Innumerable examples of internet as an entertainment source can be quoted.Now with Microsoft and Google promising to built the complete virtual structures of any city in the world on the internet, people would not have to travel to those people on holidays in order to explore and enjoy the city. They just have to log on to the Google World or the Microsoft site and explore the city online where they can walk down the streets enter buildings and even make purchase while they are gossiping about the prices with the other customers in the shops. Now can there be any doubt that computers are a main source of entertainment and amusement in this generation?Computer Games & Entertainment The computer games and entertainment business is a fast growing multi-billion dollar worldwide business, with games platforms ranging from Playstation 3, Xbox 360, Nintendo Wii, mobile and handhelds including iPhone, iPad and Android phones, PC-based, and massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) involving tens of thousands of people. With ongoing strong demand for graduate computer games programmers from the UK and abroad, this MSc will produce graduates who are well positioned to get a job in this exciting wor ldwide industry.Potential employers include EA, Ubisoft, Sony, Activision, Microsoft, Cinesite, Framestore, and many more. In a wider sense, the influence of computer games programming is spreading to other digital media industries outside games, as seen in products such as Second Life, Habbo Hotel and Bebo, or as seen in other entertainment industries such as special effects for television, videos and movies. Computer games are starting to fundamentally change the way people interact with computerised systems.Computers isn't limited to the areas where we most expect to find it such as business and industry. It's also being widely used in entertainment and arts world. These are almost as Sports: If there is a perfect way to pitch a ball, execute a spin on the ice, or take off from a ski jump, computers can find it. By analyzing the motions of the best athletes, sports trainers and kinetic specialists establish profiles. Other athletes can compare themselves to those profiles and try to improve their own styles and moves. Thus computer can be taken as a crucial element now in entertainment ndustry, with more and more multimedia content being planned, and built many applications as there are entertainers and artists. People look forward to the entertainment for recreation, so that they can reduce their stress and strains of their complex machine like schedules. All our traditional entertainment utilities like music, movies, sports, games, etc. are now affected by IT, one can have all these services, sitting at home and enjoying themselves. Computers are used in entertainment to create or enhance a production or performance.The tools have become so sophisticated that it's becoming almost impossible to distinguish between the real and the artificial in the film and the photography. Movies: If you have seen Titanic, matrix, Jurassic Park or cartoons on any TV channel, can you question the importance of Computers in the film industry? With the aid of sophisticated g raphics and animation packages the special effect technicians can create any illusion. Computers help in improving productivity by automating time consuming, repetitive and monotonous processes.They give the movie makers a lot by giving them the power to create the kind of special effects they want. Computers are widely used to create special effects in Big Budget movies. They are also extensively used behind the scenes to edit film during the production process. Scanners are generally used to help create complex twisting motions. New movies are developed using computer graphics, animations etc. which resemble real life events, thus reducing cost as well as time involved in the making of such movies. Music: The use of technology in the world of music is an unavoidable fact.Any musical composition that we hear today goes through a technological process at some point. Music allows you to edit recorded music or even create your own. With the computer connected to a stereo or synthesize r, you can be your own composer and audience. Both artist and sound engineers are finding novel applications for computer in their work. There are lot of Music Composition languages that provide ways to create music on a computer   some are Music, Symbolic, Composer, Fugue and so on which run on different platforms.Animations: In earlier days, Bugs and Bunny, the road Runner, were laboriously hand drawn in the hundred of the thousands of frame needed for each cartoon but now computers are doing much of the repetitions work. The computer can create outer space, alien characters, and extinct-animals and so on without the need of creating their physical models. The filmmaker then integrates these backgrounds and characters with   the real characters seamlessly. Example is Jurassic Park. .

Writing the body of an essay

Basically each essay consists of three structural features such as the introduction, the body of an essay and the conclusion. All together the accurate writing of these components shapes a clear, well-organized and informative essay. A solid structure is the key point to successful essay. The body discloses the topic of the essay giving specific arguments that illustrate the vision of the writer concerning discussed subject. All arguments are supposed to be lined in an appropriate way according to the essay plan. They should provide evidence of the writers own understanding and position on the chosen topic. It is mostly important that your essay is based on facts. Recommendations on structuring the body paragraphs: In order to organize the essay correctly it is best to start with writing down the main ideas to the given topic in a sentence form. Distinguish the key points in each sentence. Each sentence must indicate a new paragraph through expressing, describing, explaining, discussing and what is most important analyzing your opinion concerning each point in the following sentences. It is recommended to make a summary sentence at the end of each paragraph to make paragraphs sound complete. By using authentic facts, proper examples and details you will make the essay clear and convincing. Your evidences are supposed to be independent thoughts as well as the examples up-to-date. Each paragraph ought to contain a mini thesis, one or several complete and clear topic sentences describing the ideas revealed, and a mini conclusion, which finalizes the paragraph (look here and here).

10 Interesting Facts About New Orleans

New Orleans 404 is the largest city in the United States state of Louisiana with a 2008 population of 336,644 people. The New Orleans Metropolitan area, which includes the cities of Kenner and Metairie, had a 2009 population of 1,189,981 which made it the 46th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Its population dropped dramatically after Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent severe flooding hit the city in 2005.The City of New Orleans is located on the Mississippi River in southeastern Louisiana. The large Lake Pontchartrain also lies within the city limits. New Orleans is most well known for its distinctive French architecture and French culture. It is famous for its food, music, multicultural events and the Mardi Gras festival held in the city. New Orleans is also known as the birthplace of jazz. Legendary jazz figure Louis Armstrong was famously born here and honed his skills as a young musician in the citys clubs. The following is a list of 10  important geographic facts about New Orleans. The City of New Orleans was founded under the name La Nouvelle-Orlà ©ans on May 7, 1718, by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville and the French Mississippi Company. The city was named after Phillipe dOrlà ©ans, who was Frances head of state at the time. In 1763, France lost control of the new colony to Spain with the Treaty of Paris. Spain then controlled the region until 1801, at which time, it was passed back to France.  In 1803 the region encompassing New Orleans and surrounding areas was sold by Napoleon to the United States with the Louisiana Purchase. The city then began to grow considerably with a variety of different ethnicities.After became a part of the United States, New Orleans also began to play a large role in international relations as it developed into a large port. The port then played a role in the Atlantic slave trade but also the exportation of different commodities and the importing of international goods for the rest of the nation up the Mississippi River.Thr oughout the rest of the 1800s and into the 20th century, New Orleans continued to grow rapidly as its port and fishing industry remained important for the rest of the country. In the end of the 20th century, growth in New Orleans continued but planners became aware of the citys vulnerability to flooding after erosion of wetlands and marshes.In August 2005, New Orleans was hit by the category five Hurricane Katrina and 80 percent  of the city was flooded after a failure of the citys levees. 1,500 people died in Hurricane Katrina and much of the citys population permanently relocated.New Orleans is located on the banks of the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain about 105 miles (169 km) north of the Gulf of Mexico. The total area of the city is 350.2 square miles (901 sq km).The climate of New Orleans considered humid subtropical with mild winters and hot, humid summers. The average July high temperature for New Orleans is 91.1 °F (32.8 °C) while the average January low is 4 3.4 °F (6.3 °C).New Orleans is known for its world-famous architecture and areas like the French Quarter and Bourbon Street are popular areas for tourists. The city is one of the top ten most visited cities in the U.S.The economy of New Orleans is based largely on its port but also on oil refining, petrochemical production, fishing and the service sector related to tourism.New Orleans is home to two of the largest private universities in the United States- Tulane University and Loyola University New Orleans. Public universities like the University of New Orleans are also within the city.

How Amway Use the Operation Management to Compete

Jantarika Naktawan Introduction Amway is one of the worlds largest direct sales companies. It is a global enterprise that started the company in 1959. Founded in Ada, Michigan by Rich DeVos and Jay Van Andel, the company continues to be privately owned by the DeVos and Van Andel families. Currently more than 3 million Amway salespeople on six continents sell more than 450 quality Amway products directly to consumers in over 80 countries and territories. Amway distributes a variety of products, including: 1 Personal Care - fragrances, body care and hair care products 2 Skin Care and Cosmetics 3 Durables - cookware and water treatment systems 4 Nutrition and†¦show more content†¦A company may have shareholders who can be internal or external stakeholders. As a private company, the families who own Amway are its sole shareholders. It is important that Amway communicates regularly with its stakeholders. They can affect or be affected by the business. Amway uses different ways to communicat e with its various groups of stakeholders; such as 1.) Websites, emails and voice mail updates promote products and services to ABOs and customers and keep them up-to-date 2.) Industry and trade memberships enable Amway to share and receive industry information 3.) Publications target key sales messages, for example, its monthly newsletter for ABOs, Amway Focus 4.) Events and exhibitions help Amway to communicate to ABOs, consumers and guests about running an Amway business and the products it can provide Amway is selling directly to consumers without going through traditional retail outlets or high street. The supply chain A supply chain links the finished products to end consumers. Amway has its own distinct supply chain, placing a strong emphasis on its ABOs. They are able to focus on individual customers and their needs. This supply chain is different from a more conventional supply chain that sells goods to final consumers through retail outlets.Show MoreRelatedAvon Products-China Entry4545 Words   |  19 Pages2 3). It has been globally competitive by creating global brands and nurturing its powerful sales channel of Single-level Marketing (Direct Selling). Globally, Avon competes with large cosmetics majors like PG, Revlon and Shiseido to sell its products. At the same time, it also competes with other major direct sellers like Amway, Mary Kay and Tupperware to attract its sales force. Avon has primarily grown by accessing new geographies and emerging economies such as Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia andRead MoreBusiness Ethics9512 Words   |  39 Pagescontains a number of cases based on the business ethics concepts, I would like to call my work with a title: â€Å"Concept and Cases†. CONCEPT AND CASES CHAPTERS 1. Introduction to business ethics 2. Ethical issues in business 3. Ethical theories and how to use them 4. Individual response to ethical issues; personal values 5. Individual response to ethical situation 6. Individual response to ethical issues; whistle blowing 7. Business response to Ethical Issues: Corporate social responsibility 8. BusinessRead MoreStrategic Analysis Tools3971 Words   |  16 PagesAdditionally, our accounting specialists can help CIMA members and students with the interpretation of guidance on financial reporting, financial management and performance management, as defined in the CIMA Official Terminology 2005 edition. CIMA members and students should sign into My CIMA to access these services and resources. The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants 26 Chapter Street London SW1P 4NP United Kingdom T. +44 (0)20 7663 5441 F. +44 (0)20 7663 5442 E. tis@cimaglobal.com www.cimaglobalRead MoreThe Success Of Primerica Financial Service2831 Words   |  12 Pagesuniversity to get some level of financial knowledge. Primerica is an organization with a MLM (multilevel-marketing) strategy. This keeps their employees motivated and gives them the opportunity to manage their own success. Instead of being products like Amway, agents sell life insurance to their costumers. Primerica gives employees the opportunity to build their own businesses by recruiting people and selling life insurance. There are many life insurance companies, but Primerica specializes on giving theRead MoreThe Nature and Importance of Marketing Channels2905 Words   |  12 Pagesdirectly to the final users. Instead, most use intermediaries to bring their products to market. They try to forge a marketing channel (or distribution channel)—a set of interdependent organizations that help make a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user. A company’s channel decisions directly affect every other marketing decision. Pricing depends on whether the company works with national discount chains, uses high-quality specialty stores, or sellsRead MorePonds Product and Service Design and Innovation1883 Words   |  8 Pagesconcept. From 1886 till 1910, Ponds promoted Ponds Healing in advertisements and established American brand. Product Development / Innovation and Marketing Design In the section entitled Product and Brand Positioning in his book, Marketing Management, Prof. Philip Kotler says: â€Å"Once the core product concept is chosen, it defines the character of the product space in which the new product has to be positioned. On the same lines, during 1910 to 1920, Ponds launched Ponds Vanishing Cream and PondsRead MoreNeutrogena Paper8069 Words   |  33 Pages | |5/31/2011 | Contents Executive Summary 4 History 4 Situation Assessment 4 Strategies 4 Operation/Action Plan 4 Our Company 5 Project Description and Objectives 5 Team Description 6 Situation Assessment 6 External/Macro Environmental Factors 6 Internal Assessment of Neutrogena (Johnson and Johnson) 8 Market Analysis 10 TargetRead MoreCoca-Cola Sustainable Development8120 Words   |  33 Pagescuriosity and later to create that international beverage brand. Nowadays, it becomes the largest beverage company in the world, products brand ranges over more than 500 categories. It enjoys larger populations all round the world. I will investigate how the Coca-Colar operates in its sustainable development in order to better satisfy customer’s tastes and needs 2. Statement of the issues investigation The issue of investigation is about the Coca-Colar sustainability development. In a broad senseRead MoreProcter and Gamble Environmental Analysis10421 Words   |  42 Pagespartnership began October 31, 1837, with paid-in capital of $7, 192.24. [Source?] It has grown to be the leading maker of household products in the United States. According to the company‘s website, www.pg.com, PG‘s operations are sustainable and go beyond the core of their manufacturing operations, extending to a holistic end-to-end view of opportunities. [Since this paragraph includes specific facts not generally known by the public, the source of the information should be indicated by an in-text referenceRead MoreMarketing Mix8932 Words   |  36 Pagesperceived value and generate a positive response. Source: http://www.netmba.com/marketing/mix/ Placement Strategy Pricing Strategy Promotions Strategy Product Strategy Product Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. It includes physical objects, services, persons, places, organizations, and ideas. Service Any activity or benefit that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result

My Dog Seeka Essay Example For Students

My Dog Seeka Essay Our first family pet was a black lab/German Shepherd mix named Cheyenne. My parents adopted her as a puppy before I was even born, and she was considered a part of the family. She had black fur all over except for her tan underside, and her face resembled a raccoon. As far back as I can remember she was always very docile, and well behaved to the point we could let her go outside and call her back a few minutes later without having to worry about her running away. She was a part of our family for 10 years. Unfortunately, when we moved to Canada, we had to put her up for adoption as we couldnt bring her with us. Around the age of 6 we adopted another dog named Emily. She was a pure breed black lab, with pitch black fur all over. She was fairly violent, and we had a lot of trouble with her training, to the point where we had to keep her in a crate most of the time. We only had Emily for 2 years before we put her up for adoption. Around the same age we also had a few cats. Peaches, an over weight, orange cat originally belonged to us, but he got out one day and we were never able to keep him in the house again. Yet strangely enough, he never left the area, and even followed us when we moved a few miles down the street. Our other cat was named Sevens. She was mostly gray with a few darker gray stripes down her back. We never had Sevens spayed, and as a result she ended up have 3 litters of kittens throughout her life, but we never kept any of the kittens. It was never confirmed, but we always believed Peaches was the father. A slightly less memorable pet, but I will never forget was an oscar fish simply named Oscar. I mostly remember Oscar because we had a lot of fun feeding his minnows. We owned all of these pets throughout the first 9 or 10 years of my life, and around that time we moved to Canada. My parents wanted to make sure that we always had a family pet so they immediately went on a search. The first pet we owned in Canada was a golden retriever/beagle mix puppy named Tess. She was definitely more beagle, but she has pure golden fur. We also adopted a black lab named Sam shortly after. I really dont remember much about them aside from how much trouble we had with their house training. There was a very large field full of tall grass and weeds at the end of our street, and we would take them out there and let them run around and play for a while, which turned out to be a bad idea when one day they run pretty far out, too far for us to see, and eventually they were gone. They turned up in a kennel a few days later but we didnt have the money to get them back, so that was the last we saw of them. We waited a few months before we tried to adopt any new pets, but my father always knew exactly what he wanted. His favorite breed of dog were huskies, and we found a husky trainer a few hours north, and that is where we adopted Komo and Seeka, two pure breed huskies. Komo was the more traditional looking husky; a mix of thick black and white fur with icy blue eyes. He quickly grew attached to my father and he couldnt have been happier with the outcome. Komo was around eight years old, so he was usually very docile and enjoyed curling up on the couch with my father. Seeka was younger, somewhere around three, slender when compared to Komo, and had snow white fur with patches of brown. .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 , .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .postImageUrl , .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 , .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33:hover , .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33:visited , .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33:active { border:0!important; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33:active , .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33 .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6579733ae246990199b935267b559e33:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 4)The Application of Science to Engineering EssayShe had one brown eye and one blue eye, which I thought made her more unique. She was a beautiful dog, but when we first adopted her along with Komo, she was very shy. She would stay away from everyone, wouldnt really do much. One day, I stayed home sick, I was the only one home so my parents let me spend the day in their bed, and I kept Seeka in the room with me. After taking a nap, I woke up to see Seeka laying on the bed with me. She was so warm and soft, so I curled up with her, and from that day she was MY dog. She was still shy with the rest of the family, but she was always so excited whenever I was around. She would always follow me around, jump up to try and lick my face, it even got to the point where I could walk around the corner while someone was holding her, and she would start to whine until I came back around. I had my dad take apart my loft bed so she could sleep with me at night shortly after she grew attached to me. I remember during the winter, we would hook her leash up to a sled and she would pull me around the block until she tired herself out. This was the first time I ever had that â€Å"boy and his dog† kind of relationship with a pet. I loved Seeka, and she loved me. I never waned to lose her, but things took a bad turn far too soon. About a year and a half after we moved to Canada, and about a year after we adopted Komo and Seeka, my father was laid off. He tried to find another job, unfortunately, with no avail. We tried our best but we were evicted from our house, and at the time we had to move in with some relatives in New York until we could find a new house to move to. What made this worse was that there wasnt enough room in the house for Komo and Seeka, so we were afraid we would have to give them up. It was devastating, but we had one glimmer of hope that made everything better. The kennel we adopted them from promised that they would hold onto them and take care of them until we could take them back. It was sad saying goodbye to Seeka, but it was OK because it would only be a few months. Time had gone by, we moved into a new house, and it was time to go and get the dogs back. When we called the kennel, they very coldly told us they had sold Komo and Seeka, and told us they never made that promise. There was nothing we could do, because we never got it in writing so we had no way to prove it or even take any sort of legal action. I was crushed. At this point in my life, I had never lost a loved one, and never got this close to any of our other pets, so this was the worst moment in my life. Knowing that not only would I never see Seeka again, but that she was still out there somewhere made it even worse. I didnt know what to do, and no one had any answers. In the end, I could do nothing. I had to live with this now, and even to this day I still miss Seeka.